Criticisms of Womens Roles in 1930s Film Research Paper - 5

Criticisms of Womens Roles in 1930s Film - Research Paper Example In addition, irrespective of specific female stars’ legendary statues, gender roles have been firmly reinforced by role these women have played (Dawson, 1995, p. 71). This research paper provides a detailed analysis of how Hollywood portrayed women in film focusing particularly ob the 1930s using Gold diggers of 1933 as a framework. To fully cover the topic, four themes will be discusses: the representation of women in early 1930s film, the portrayal of women, the real-life role of women, and the criticism women’s role in these films (Kolbjornsen, 1998, p. 1). The 1930s remains a renowned era of depression. As such therefore, it provides an interesting backdrop to research thoroughly how women are portrayed as a result of the changed morals and cynicism globally. In one of his publications, Kaplan (1994:3) states that Hollywood cinematography in many instances objectified women for men’s pleasure. Another author, Mulvey (1989, p. 56), depicts that that the role women play is worth looking but not worth listening. This proves the controversy that has existed among scholars in respect to women role in Hollywood films. During this era therefore, men viewed women in diverse dimensions, referred to as Madonna (housewives)/whore complex. To many, therefore, women were objects of sexual fulfillments, and hence sexually active whores, or simply pristine and powerless Madonnas. Arguably, it is for this reason that Gates (2011, 23) states that the manner in which women images are presented in Hollywood film solely aims at gratifying male vie wers. As evident in Gold diggers of 1933, argument that women are sex objects in films is a full display. Ginger Rogers, Joan Blondell and Ruby Keeler play the major roles of women. In their role, they appear as stereotypical bombshells, slender and beautiful, and in many of their appearances dressed in skimpy costumes.

Marketing Segmentation Essay Example for Free

Marketing Segmentation Essay

Operations Management Competitiveness At Loreal Company

Operations Management Competitiveness At Loreal Company Operation management is the business function that plans, organizes, coordinates, and controls the resources needed to produce a companys goods and services. Operations management is a management function. It involves managing people, equipment, technology, information, and many other resources. Operation management is the central core function of every company. This is true whether the company is large or small, provides a physical good or service, is for profit or not for profit. Every company has an operations management function. Actually all the other organizational functions are there primarily to support the operations function. Without operations, there would be no goods or services to sell. The marketing function provides the needed capital. It is the operations function, however, that plans and coordinates all the resources needed to design, produce, and deliver the merchandise to the various retail locations. Without operations, there would be no good or services to sell t o customers. The role of operations management is to transform a companys inputs into the finished goods or services. Inputs include human resources, facilities and processes, as well as materials, technology, information. Outputs are the goods and services a company produces. LOreal is one of the leading cosmetics companies in the world. It has already been operating a Citrix terminal server farm for several years. However, by early 2004, the tried and tested manual installation practiced by the administrators had reached its limits, leading to instability in the system. LOreal was able to fully automate the installation of its terminal servers and thus considerably increase the stability and its IT infrastructure. LOreal beauty products with the range of cosmetics stylings products for men and women. LOreal has developed activities in the field of cosmetics, concentrating on hair colour, skin care, sun protection, makeup, perfumes and hair care. LOreal is active in the dermatological and pharmaceutical fields. Role of the Operations Managers Some people (especially those professionally involved in operations management!) argue that operations management involves everything an organisation does. In this sense, every manager is an operations manager, since all managers are responsible for contributing to the activities required to create and deliver an organisations goods or services. However, others argue that this definition is too wide, and that the operations function is about producing the right amount of a good or service, at the right time, of the right quality and at the right cost to meet customer requirements. Operations managers are responsible for managing activities that are part of the production of goods and services. Their direct responsibilities include managing both the operations process, embracing design, planning, control, performance improvement, and operations strategy. Their indirect responsibilities include interacting with those managers in other functional areas within the organisation whose roles have an impact on operations. Such areas include marketing, finance, accounting, personnel and engineering. Operations managers responsibilities include: Human resource management the people employed by an organisation either work directly to create a good or service or provide support to those who do. People and the way they are managed are a key resource of all organisations. Asset management an organisations buildings, facilities, equipment and stock are directly involved in or support the operations function. Cost management most of the costs of producing goods or services are directly related to the costs of acquiring resources, transforming them or delivering them to customers. For many organisations in the private sector, driving down costs through efficient operations management gives them a critical competitive edge. For organisations in the not-for-profit sector, the ability to manage costs is no less important. Decision making is a central role of all operations managers. Decisions need to be made in: designing the operations system managing the operations system improving the operations system. The five main kinds of decision in each of these relate to: the processes by which goods and services are produced the quality of goods or services the quantity of goods or services (the capacity of operations) the stock of materials (inventory) needed to produce goods or services the management of human resources. Operational strategy The operational side of marketing refers to the day by day tactics of how to manage things like advertising, pricing, and so on. It is just the same with operations. Operations strategy looks at the long-term issues of how to manage the resources which produce products and services. The more operational subject of operations management looks at the more detailed and shop floor issues of designing, planning and controlling, and improving the resources which produce products and services. Operations strategy is concerned with the specific decisions which shape and develop the long-term direction of the operation. Think of content as the building blocks of an operations strategy. The process of operations strategy refers to the procedures which are used to formulate operations strategies. It is the way we go about the activity of devising strategy. Think of operations strategy content as what the LOreal is deciding to do and process as how the LOreal has made that decision. The market requirements perspective starts from the commonsense notion that any operations strategy should reflect what the LOreal is trying to do in its markets. Companies compete in different ways, some may compete primarily on cost, others on the excellence of their products or services, others on high levels of customer service, others on customising their products and services to individual customer needs, and so on. The operations function therefore must respond to this by providing the capabilities which allow it perform in an appropriate manner to satisfy the requirements of its market. In some ways this is a translation task because the techniques and language used by marketing managers to understand the requirements of markets are different to the language and techniques used by operations managers to manage their productive resources. LOreals goals and objectives LOreal USA is the leading beauty company in America, which develops and manufactures haircare, haircolor, skincare, color cosmetics and fragrances. Our distribution network of salons, mass market, specialty and department stores makes us the most comprehensive beauty company in the U.S. We offer exciting positions, flexible development paths and outstanding rewards that will give your career a whole new look. The LOreal Sales Education Coordinator (LSEC) is an employee of Salon Centric, a wholly owned subsidiary distributor of LOreal USA. Salon Centric is a leading and rapidly growing national wholesale distributor of professional products to the salon and beauty industry. This position will be responsible for the development, management and execution of all education strategy and efforts within the assigned territory for the LOreal brands. Responsibilties: Coordinate and participate in monthly sales meetings. Coordinate and facilitate regional quarterly trainings and certifications. Development, presentation and management of Elite salons education plans. Facilitate trainings for new sales consultants and participate in training boot camp. Must work in alliance with the respective Prestige Account Manager in the achievement of the regions goals and objectives. Teach a minimum of 12 classes per month, facilitate hands on workshops and coordinate cluster classes. Presentation of LOreal world tour, academy programs and strictly business programs. Shadow and mentoring of new LOreal Sales Education Coordinators and LOreal Artistic Educators. Open new color conversions and retail doors for Serie Expert, Texture Expert, Homme product lines Responsible for the delivery of strategic education classes, events and programs. Coordinate communication flow between key partners including LOreal Professionnel, SalonCentric and the customer. Provide support for salon specific events promotions. Conclusion In a nutshell, LOreal is one of the leading cosmetics companies in the world. They are very innovative and invest a lot of money in research and development. Products are positioned in high-priced segment because of their quality. They offer well coordinated products for different target groups. To keep their strength alive they have to observe their competitors. It is a very flexible development paths and outstanding rewards that will give your career a whole new look. LOreal will benefit from the end of destocking, easier comparison base and increased innovation.For next year, a return to 4% growth would require to keep a high single digit growth momentum in the Rest of the World and to return to low single digit growth in developed market, which we feel is a realistic assumption. However, most of it will be offset by a negative forex impact based on current rates.

The Image of Christopher Columbus Essay -- American America History US

The Image of Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus is honored as the man who opened the doors to an Age of Discovery and exploration. Although he may not have been the first European to set foot onto the Americas, he did begin a wave of exploration in a new hemisphere. The time period of the age of discovery follows the end of the Middle Ages, which Columbus himself is a product. If it were not Columbus that brought European settlement to the New World, then it would have been some other explorer who probably started out with the same goals and ideas. However, there are many individuals who would disagree with the above statement. They would say that Columbus destroyed all that was beautiful in the New World with his thirst for greed and fame, that he raped the lands and the women, and disrupted a civilization that lived for hundreds of years. The question then becomes â€Å"Who is Christopher Columbus?† Is he really the man that some Americans describe as a hero, whose â€Å"journey was the first step in a long process that eventually produced the United States of America† (Royal 1) and to the â€Å"North American Revolutionaries, he was the Founding Fathers’ father† (Gates 29). Or is Columbus’ character flawed as other Americans might suggest. Some describe him as a ruthless slave trader who raped the virgin islands of the Caribbean and started the slave trade between the Old and New Worlds. So which image is right? That question is one that has been debated for years and will continue to be for years to come. It is one in which an individual alone can answer because it not only deals with historical facts but also ethics. This paper will present two opposing sides with enough facts concerning the controversy of the myth of Col... ...n, John. â€Å"Columbus: For Gold, God, and Glory.† 12/91, vol. 6 no. 12: 357-321. Gates, David. â€Å"Who was Columbus?† Newsweek Magazine. Fall/Winter 1991: 29-31. McNeil, William H. â€Å"How Columbus Remade the World.† NEH Humanities. Vol. 1 no.6: Dec 1985. (CIRS McNeil1.ART) Royal, Robert. â€Å"Columbus on Trial: 1492 v 1992† (CIRS Royal02.ART) Sale, Kirkpatrick. Conquest of Paradise. A Plume Book. New York, NY 1990. Sanoff, Alvin P. â€Å"The Myths of Columbus.† U.S. News and World Report. 8 Oct. 1990. (CIRS Sanoff01.ART) Schroeder, Richard C. â€Å"Should We Scuttle the Admiral of the Ocean Sea?† The Times of the Americas. 29 May 1991: 20+. (CIRS Schroed1.ART) Sokolov, Raymond. â€Å"Stop Knocking Columbus.† Newsweek Magazine. Vol. 1 no. 6, Dec. 1985. (CIRS Sokolov2.ART) Todorov, Tzvetan. The Conquest of America. Harper Perennial Publishers. New York, NY 1982.

Professional Athletes’ Salaries

In today's society, the American people can't get enough of their favorite teams and athletes. Entire cities are infatuated with these teams and as a result, people spend much of their time and money watching and rooting, hoping for a victory. There is nothing wrong with enjoying and marveling at the talent of these professional athletes, but what happens with all these resources that go into the sports? They go straight to the players. Although our society idolizes and cheers on our favorite athletes, they are significantly overpaid. The amount of money some of the best athletes make in a year is astonishing.Professional baseball player, Alex Rodriguez, will have made 33 million dollars this year, just based on his salary, not including endorsements (Freedman). Tiger Woods made almost 23 million dollars in his winnings from various golf tournaments in 2009, and add on another 105 million from his endorsements and you get the highest paid athlete in the world (Freeman). Endorsements are another subject entirely, but it makes you understand how important it is for companies to have their logo on someone's hat, or have a big star in their commercial.Keep in mind not all athletes are paid in millions, we are talking about some of the best in the most popular sports. That being said, the average MLB player's contract will be around three million dollars, and the minimum being 400 thousand dollars (MLBPA). This means a player sitting on the bench the entire season will make nearly ten times what the average teacher will make. The reason all of these players get paid so much is because all professional sports leagues are essentially a business. And with all these countless numbers of sport fans (myself included), business is booming.It is important to understand how the business works when you need to fix a problem. The Managers and Owners want their team to do well to bring in the fans, which in turn brings in the money. If a team is doing well they will make expone ntially more money because of the sellout crowds and the jersey's flying off the shelves. The best way to improve your team is to get the best players, and that is done by paying for them. When a player is a free agent (does not have a contract to a specific team), teams will essentially bid and negotiate, and in most cases the highest paying team will get that player.This is why teams like the Yankees have so many of the best players, because of their humungous fan base, they have a seemingly unlimited amount of cash to bring in the best players. So all this money is coming in from tickets and clothing and other sources of income and it has to go somewhere, right? Many people think athletes are rightfully paid all the money they have earned. Some argue that football players have short careers and many health problems after they are retired, so they will then need money for their injuries.With the average NFL player making 310 Thousand dollars in a year (NFL Player†¦ ), and the y play 10 years for example, they should be okay financially. Some young athletes will receive their first big check and go blow it all immediately. This is why some players are broke years after their career, and try to use it to justify their pay check, and make it seem as if they aren't paid that much at all. In reality it is their poor money managing skills; they still make a ridiculously larger amount of money in their career than any normal person will make in their lifetime.Another argument is that not all athletes are paid so highly. This is true, a professional volleyball player, or even a minor league baseball player, will probably not make as much as a A-Rod or Tiger, but they are making a living by having fun playing a sport. What more could you ask for? When you take a look at an athlete's salary and compare it to a teacher, fireman, or even a doctor, it doesn't even come close. There are so many other occupations that are paid much less than a pro athlete, but contribu te much more to our community.Teachers are having to have more and more students in their classes and many of them are having to find a new career because of the pay. A good teacher can change the lives of some students and provide so much knowledge, but it is hard to aspire to be a teacher rather than an athlete when you compare the two's salary. Think of all the money we could put into education, health, the environment, just to name a few. Just being able to live by playing a sport is something players shouldn't take for granted.It is the very fans of the sports who are responsible for such high salaries (Callahan). The main way to lower professional athletes' salaries would be for people to stop paying so much for tickets, jerseys, and sports packages on television. Frankly, that will not be happening anytime soon with the current way we worship these people. What needs to happen is the big professional sports leagues (NBA, MLB, NFL, NHL), need to recognize what is going on. The y need to see how our economy is hurt and how our society needs the financial support.Ticket prices need to be slashed. Jersey prices need to be slashed. The best athletes can still be rewarded and paid a few hundred thousand, not millions and millions. They can still make great money from endorsements. And those extra funds need to be given back to the cities that have given so much to the sports franchises. The people need them to rebuild our educational and health systems, and our overall economy. Players can still have a great standard of living, but it is just wasted money if they are sitting among America's richest.Many of these arguments can also be said for corporate CEO's and that needs to change. These people are at the top of the food chain while everyone below them is hurting. The sports leagues are blinded by greed and stardom; not only is it the athletes being paid so much, but the team owners as well. It is okay to look at these pro's as a personal hero, but we need t o step back and cut down on how much we idolize them if we want to see improvement. In the end, it is all a business and it is their job to step up and make a change to better our society.

Profile of Elizabeth How, Persecuted Salem Witch

Profile of Elizabeth How, Persecuted Salem Witch Elizabeth How Facts Known for:  accused witch, executed in the 1692  Salem witch trialsAge at time of Salem witch trials:  about 57Dates:  about 1635 – July 19, 1692Also known as:  Elizabeth Howe, Goody Howe Family, Background: Born in Yorkshire, England, about 1635 Mother: Joane Jackson Father: William Jackson Husband: James How or Howe Jr. (March 23, 1633 – February 15, 1702), married April 1658. He had become blind at the time of the trials. Family connections: Elizabeth’s husband James How Jr. was connected to a number of other Salem witch trial victims. James was the brother of John How. John How was married to Sarah Towne (How), whose father, Edmund Towne, was the brother of Rebecca Towne Nurse, Mary Towne Easty and Sarah Towne Cloyce, all accused of witchcraft as well.Also, James and John How’s mother was Elizabeth Dane How, a sister of the Rev. Francis Dane.  Dane was the father of Abigail Dane Faulkner and Elizabeth Johnson Sr., father-in-law of Deliverance Dane, and a grandfather of several others arrested. Lived in: Ipswitch sometimes noted as Topswitch Elizabeth How and the Salem Witch Trials Elizabeth How was accused by the Perley family of Ipswitch. The parents of the family testified that their 10-year-old daughter was afflicted by How over the course of two to three years. Doctors had diagnosed that the daughter’s affliction was caused by â€Å"an evil hand.† Spectral evidence was offered by Mercy Lewis, Mary Walcott, Ann Putnam Jr., Abigail Williams, and Mary Warren. On May 28, 1692, an arrest warrant was issued for How, charging her with acts of witchcraft against Mary Walcott, Abigail Williams, and others.  She was arrested the next day and taken to the home of Nathaniel Ingersoll for examination. A formal indictment was prepared on May 29, mentioning that Mercy Lewis had been tortured and afflicted by an act of witchcraft by Elizabeth How. Witnesses included Mercy Lewis, Mary Walcott, Abigail Williams, and members of the Perley family. While she was in jail, she was visited by her husband and daughters. On May 31, Elizabeth How was again examined. She replied to the charges: â€Å"If it was the last moment I was to live, God knows I am innocent of anything of this nature.† Mercy Lewis and Mary Walcott fell into fits.  Walcott said that Elizabeth How had punched and choked her that month.  Ann Putnam testified that How had hurt her three times; Lewis also accused How of hurting her.  Abigail Williams said that How had hurt her many times and had brought â€Å"the book† (the Devil’s book, to sign). Ann Putnam and Mary Warren said they’d been pricked by a pin by How’s spectre. And John Indian fell into a fit, accusing her of biting him. A May 31 indictment cited witchcraft practiced against Mary Walcott.  Elizabeth How, John Alden,  Martha Carrier, Wilmott Redd, and Philip English were  examined  by Bartholomew Gedney, Jonathan Corwin, and John Hathorne Timothy and Deborah Perley, who leveled the initial claims, on June 1 also accused Elizabeth How of afflicting their cow with sickness, causing it to drown itself when they stood against her joining the Ipswich church.  Deborah Perley repeated the charges about afflicting their daughter Hannah. On June 2, Sarah Andrews, sister of Hannah Perley, testified to hearing her afflicted sister blame Elizabeth How for threatening and hurting her, even though their father had questioned the truth of the claim. On June 3, the Rev. Samuel Phillips testified in her defense. He said he had been at the Samuel Perley home when the child was having fits, and though the parents said â€Å"good wife How the wife of James How Junior of Ipswich† was a witch, the child did not say so, even when asked to do so. Edward Payson testified that he had witnessed the Perley daughter’s affliction, and the parents’ questioning her as to How’s involvement, and that the daughter had said: â€Å"no never.† On June 24, a neighbor of 24 years, Deborah Hadley, testified on Elizabeth’s behalf that she had been conscientious in her dealings and â€Å"Christian-like in her conversation.† On June 25, neighbors Simon and Mary Chapman testified that How was a godly woman. On June 27, Mary Cummings testified about a run-in her son Isaac had had with Elizabeth, involving a mare. Her husband Isaac also testified to these charges. On June 28, the son, Isaac Cummings, also testified.  That same day, Elizabeth’s father-in-law, James How Sr., who was about 94 at the time, testified for Elizabeth as a character witness, noting how loving, obedient and kind she was and how she had cared for her husband who had become blind. Joseph and Mary Knowlton testified for Elizabeth How, noting that ten years before they had heard stories of Elizabeth How afflicting the daughter of Samuel Perley.  They had asked Elizabeth about these and Elizabeth had been forgiving of their reports. They noted that she was an honest and good person. Trial: June 29-30, 1692 June 29-30:  Sarah Good, Elizabeth How, Susannah Martin, and Sarah Wildes were tried for witchcraft. On the first day of the trial, Mary Cummings testified that another neighbor had become ill after a sharp exchange with James How Jr. and his wife. On June 30, Francis Lane testified against How, noting the conflict with Samuel Perley. Nehemiah Abbott (married to Elizabeths sister-in-law, Mary Howe Abbott) also testified that when Elizabeth was angry she wished someone would choke, and that person did shortly after; that How’s daughter had attempted to borrow a horse but when he refused, the horse later was injured, and that a cow had also been injured. Her brother-in-law John How testified that Elizabeth had afflicted a sow when Elizabeth was angry with him for asking whether she had afflicted the Perley child. Joseph Safford testified about a church meeting held in the wake of the accusations earlier regarding the Perley child; he said that his wife had attended the meeting and was afterward in a â€Å"raving frenzy† first defending Goody How and then in a trance. Sarah Good, Elizabeth How, Susannah Martin, and Sarah Wildes were all found guilty and condemned to hanging.  Rebecca Nurse was first found not guilty, but when the accusers and spectators loudly protested, the court asked the jury to reconsider the verdict and condemned Nurse to hang as well. On July 1, Thomas Andrews added some charges regarding a sick horse he believed was the one that the Hows wanted to borrow from the Cummings. Elizabeth How was hanged on July 19, 1692, along with Sarah Good, Susannah Martin,  Rebecca Nurse, and Sarah Wilde. Elizabeth How After the Trials The following March, residents of Andover, Salem Village, and Topsfield petitioned on behalf of Elizabeth How,  Rebecca Nurse,  Mary Easty,  Abigail Faulkner, Mary Parker, John Proctor,  Elizabeth Proctor, and Samuel and Sarah Wardwell – all but Abigail Faulkner, Elizabeth Proctor, and Sarah Wardwell had been executed – asking the court to exonerate them for the sake of their relatives and descendants.   In 1709, How’s daughter joined the petition of Phillip English and others to get the victims’ names cleared and to get financial compensation.  In 1711, they finally won the case, and Elizabeth How’s name was mentioned among those who had been unfairly convicted and some executed, and whose convictions were reversed and nullified.