Gustave Eiffel and the Eiffel Tower

A master engineer who came to be known as â€Å"the magician of iron,† Alexandre-Gustave Eiffel’s reputation was ultimately crowned by the marvelous, latticed Parisian tower that bears his name. But the 300-meter–high sensation has dwarfed a catalog of sensational projects by the Dijon-born visionary. Early Life and Career Born in 1832 in Djion, France, Eiffel’s mother owned a prosperous coal business. Two uncles, Jean-Baptiste Mollerat and Michel Perret, were major influences on Eiffel, discussing a wide range of subjects with the boy. After finishing high school, Eiffel was admitted to a top school, Ecole Centrale des Arts et Manufactures in Paris. Eiffel studied chemistry there, but after graduating in 1855, he took a job with a company that specialized in making ​railway bridges.   Eiffel was a fast learner. By 1858 he was directing bridge construction. In 1866 he went into business for himself and in 1868 formed a company, Eiffel Cie. That company installed a  major bridge, the Ponte Dona Maria, in Porto, Portugal with 525-foot steel arch, and the highest bridge in France, the Garabit Viaduct, before eventually dissolving. Eiffel’s list of constructions is daunting. He built the Nice Observatory, the Cathedral of San Pedro de Tacna in Peru, plus theaters, hotels, and fountains.   Ã‚      Eiffels Work on the Statue of Liberty Among his many great constructions, one project rivaled the Eiffel Tower in terms of fame and glory: designing the interior frame for the Statue of Liberty. Eiffel took the design—by sculptor Frà ©dà ©ric Auguste Bartholdi—and made it a reality, creating an internal framework around which the massive statue could be sculpted. It was Eiffel who conceived of the two spiral staircases inside the statue.   The Eiffel Tower The Statue of Liberty was finished and opened in 1886. The next year work began on Eiffel’s defining piece, a tower for the 1889 Universal Exposition in Paris, France, built to honor the 100th anniversary of the French Revolution. Construction of the Eiffel Tower, an astounding feat of engineering, took more than two years, but it was worth the wait. Visitors flocked to the stunning 300 meter-high work—at the time the world’s tallest man-made structure—and made the exhibition one of the few worlds fairs to make a profit.   Eiffels Death and Legacy The Eiffel Tower was originally supposed to be taken down after the fair, but the decision was reconsidered. The architectural wonder remained, and is now as popular as ever, drawing immense crowds each day.    Eiffel died in 1923 at the age of 91.

Bolivars End Of The Second Republic - 1199 Words

Bolivar returned to fight another day in 1813. He declared a ‘war to the death’ against Spain. He gained support from Colombia and drove the Spanish out of the Magdalena River area and amassed himself a large army. Civilian leaders in Cartagena then gave him permission to liberate western Venezuela. He did so and continued to take Caracas in August of 1813. This was known as Simon Bolivar’s â€Å"Admiral Campaign†. He went on to declare a second republic and assumed his role as a military dictator. â€Å"The Second Republic collapsed within a few months, however, because Bolivar had failed to win the support of the non-white, many of whom were instead recruited to fight with those loyal to the king.† What also led to the fall of the Second Republic was the â€Å"Infernal Legion† that consisted of skilled lancers claiming to give back to the poor and loyal to Spain. Led by Thomas Boves they fought the patriots, under General Jose Felix Ribas, at the battle of La Puerta where Boves won. General Ribas was able to keep him out of Caracas until the second battle of La Puerta June 1814 where the patriot army was in disarray and devastation. Boves took Valencia and then Caracas bringing a fall to the Second Republic of Venezuela. After the defeat, Bolivar returned to New Grenada until 1815. Under the Second Republic Bolivar and his ‘ war to the death’ killed any Spaniard he came across if they were not active on the patriot side creating the bloodiest part of this revolution. ThereforeShow MoreRelatedMorelos, Bolivar and Latin American Independence Essay943 Words   |  4 PagesNation to justify his ideals concerning a democratic state that was heavily theocratic in manner. Bolà ­var, in contrast had a more efficient plan. In his Address Delivered at the Inauguration of the Second National Congress of Venezuela, Bolà ­var supports the idea of governing Latin America as a republic. The Sentiments of the Nation is a defensive piece that lays the groundwork for Morelos’ Constitutional Decree for the Liberty of the Mexican America. The article has twenty-three points all of whichRead MoreSimon Boliver : The Revolutionary Leader912 Words   |  4 PagesBolà ­var was seeking the support of Britain. There, he met Francisco de Miranda and invited him back to his homeland to participate in his young republic government. Unfortunately, when Bolà ­var returned from Britain, he discovered that a civil quarrel was happening between the patriots and the royalists. This laid the groundwork but the First Venezuelan Republic in 1811. This voted for complete independence, plus dropping loyalty to the King. Adding to the string of unfortunate events, a massive earthquakeRead More Simon Bolivar Essay603 Words   |  3 Pagesdiplomatic mission. It was a failed attempt to gain an alliance. He returned to Venezuela in 1811 and won a battle in Valencia. Quickly he looses the port of Puerto Cabello to the Royalists during the First Republic. However he was able to recoup his troops in 1813 and institute the Venezuelan Second Republic with himself as the ruler. By this time Bolivar had not fully established himself as a leader from the warlords and other patriots. Without their support he was chased out of Venezuela. He took refugeRead More The Role of President Hugo Chavez in Venezuela Essays4884 Words   |  20 Pagesfor Venezuelas oil. Political History In 1958, the first popularly elected president to complete his term, Romulo Betancourt, implemented a crude form of democracy that guaranteed economic distribution to all classes. From 1958 until the end of Andres Perezs first term in 1978, Venezuelas economic performance was characterized by steady growth. Oil rents provided a stable flow of income, which was distributed by the state to promote national development and to meet the extensive welfareRead MoreRevolutionary Changes in the Atlantic World, 1750–185010951 Words   |  44 Pagesonly to a minority of the adult male population and which protected slavery. The French Revolution, 1789–1815 A. French Society and Fiscal Crisis 1.French society was divided into three groups: the First Estate (clergy), the Second Estate (hereditary nobility), and the Third Estate (everyone else). The clergy and the nobility controlled vast amounts of wealth, and the clergy was exempt from nearly all taxes. 2.The Third Estate included the rapidly growingRead MoreAbortion6774 Words   |  28 Pages Andes Mountains D. Tropical rainforest climate E. None of the above 21. In 1808: *A. Rio de Janeiro became the seat of the Portuguese Empire B. Napoleon threatened to take over Sà £o Paulo C. Brazil began its dominance of the Spanish republics, making them the equivalent of colonies D. the Spanish began to make inroads into Brazilian territory E. the Amazon River basin was lost to former leaders of the Incan Empire Cultural Fragmentation 22. Which of the following is not a

Hume Philosophy Paper Free Essays

David Hume was an early 18th century philosopher that is best known for covering a variety of theories. He covered that reason alone cannot be a motive to the will, moral distinctions are not derived from reason and moral distinctions are direct from the moral sentiments [Treatise of Human Nature, 11]. â€Å"Reason is, and ought only to be the slave of the passions, and can never pretend to any other office than to serve and obey them† [T 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Hume Philosophy Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now 3. 3 p. 414] in his work A Treatise of Human Nature. Reason alone cannot motivate or oppose passion. â€Å"Reason is perfectly inert and can never either prevent or produce any action or affection† [Book 2, 265]; moral distinctions are not derived from reasons. Reason does not by itself constitute grounds for an action of desire. Reason only â€Å"intervenes to explain passion’s impulses to actions proceedings† and thus connecting between two elements [Book 3, pg. 296]. Passion can influence or even disregard reason on purpose to serve goals behind actions. Moral distinctions are â€Å"derived from feelings of pleasure and pain and not from reason†. Reason itself â€Å"cannot produce or prevent any action or affection and morals concern actions† and affections and therefore cannot be based on reason [Book 3, pg. 301]. Due to the idea that distinctions are not based on reason, Hume states that they are based on sentiments that are felt by moral sense This can be related to the study of how we are motivated to act morally and the role of practical reason in moral motivation. The role of reason is only to find out which means help achieve a given goal. Our goals are set by what Hume calls the passion and what today is mostly called desires. Reason is the â€Å"slave of passion† in the sense that it practical reason alone cannot give rise to moral motivation, but dependent on motivational force. Hume claims that â€Å"passions do not refer to external things† [Book 3 pg. 336], but that they are an original existence. In other words, passions are the very substance of the self. How to cite Hume Philosophy Paper, Essay examples

Are Children Smarter Because of the Internet free essay sample

For most children and teenagers, using the Internet has joined watching television and talking on the phone in the repertoire of typical behavior. In fact, 87 percent of 12- to 17-year-olds are now online, according to a 2005 Pew Research Center report. Thats a 24 percent increase over the previous four years, leading parents and policymakers to worry about the effect access to worlds of informationand misinformationhas on children. Psychologists are only beginning to answer that question, but a study led by Michigan State University psychologist Linda Jackson, PhD, showed that home Internet use improved standardized reading test scores. Other researchers have found that having the Internet at home encourages children to be more self-directed learners. We had the same question for television decades ago, but I think the Internet is more important than television because its interactive, says Jackson. Its 24/7 and its ubiquitous in young peoples lives. The positive effects of Internet use appear especially pronounced among poor children, say researchers. Unfortunately, these children are also the least likely to have home computers, which some experts say may put them at a disadvantage. The interesting twist here is that the very children who are most likely to benefit from home Internet access are the ones least likely to have it, says Jackson. Its a classic digital divide issue. Point, click and read In her research, published in a 2006 Developmental Psychology (Vol. 42, No. 3, pages 429-435) special section on Internet use, Jackson studied 140 urban children as part of HomeNetToo, a longitudinal field study designed to assess the effects of Internet use in low-income families. Most of the child participants were African American and around 13 years old; 75 percent lived in single-parent households with an average annual income of $15,000 or less. The children were also underperforming in school, scoring in the 30th percentile on standardized reading tests at the beginning of the study. Jackson and her colleagues provided each family with a home computer and free Internet access. The researchers automatically and continuously recorded the childrens Internet use, and participants completed periodic surveys and participated in home visits. They found that children who used the Internet more had higher scores on standardized reading tests after six months, and higher grade point averages one year and 16 months after the start of the study than did children who used it less. More time spent reading, given the heavily text-based nature of Web pages, may account for the improvement. Jackson also suggests that there may be yet-undiscovered differences between reading online and reading offline that may make online reading particularly attractive to children and teenagers. Whats unique about the Internet as compared with traditional ways of developing academic performance skills is that its more of a fun environment, she says. Its a play tool. You can learn without any pain. Beneficial academic outcomes may just be a coincidental effect of having a good time. Whats more, online reading may enhance skills that traditional book reading doesnt tap, says Donald Leu,PhD, the John and Maria Neag-Endowed Chair in Literacy and Tech nology at the University of Connecticut and director of the New Literacies Research Lab. Hes found no substantial association between online reading comprehension performance and performance on state reading assessments, as described in a 2005 report submitted to the North Central Regional Educational Laboratory/Learning Point Associates (available online at www. newliteracies. uconn. edu/ncrel_files/FinalNCRELReport. pdf). Thats because online reading takes different skills than traditional book reading, he says. Online reading relies heavily on information-location skills, including how to use search engines, as well as information-synthesis and critical evaluation skills. The studies that just look at learning fail to recognize that you have to have these online reading comprehension strategies in place before you can really learn very much with Internet information, says Leu. Leu is looking for ways to improve adolescents Internet reading comprehension through a three-year, U. S. Department of Education-funded research project, coled by reading education expert David Reinking, PhD, Eugene T. Moore Professor of Teacher Education at Clemson University. About half of the children the team studies dont use search engines, Leu says, preferring to zuse an ineffective dot com strategy. For example, if they are searching for information on the Iraq War, they will enter the URL iraqwar. com. This often leads to ad-filled trap sites that provide incorrect or irrelevant information, says Leu. And, the 50 percent of children who do use search engines use a click and look strategy of opening each returned site instead of reading the search engine synopsis. If a site appears as the children imagine it should, they believe its reliable, he says. Leu and colleagues asked 50 top reading seventh-graders from school districts in rural South Carolina and urban Connecticut to assess the reliability of a slickly designed Web site on the mythical endangered Pacific Northwest Tree Octopus. Though the site is a known hoax, all but one child claimed it was scientifically valid. And even after the researchers informed the participants that the site was a joke, about half of the children were adamant that it was indeed truthful, says Leu. Self-directed learners To help children winnow the tree octopus sites from legitimate information, they must develop online reading comprehension skills. These skills are particularly crucial because other researchers have found that children go online to clarify what theyre being taught in school. Instead of waiting for a tutor or someone to help them, they are very proactive in seeking help for themselves, says Kallen Tsikalas, director of research and learning services for Computers for Youth (CFY), a national educational nonprofit organization. Home Internet use during the middleschool years appears to empower students and reengage them in learning at an age when their academic achievement traditionally drops, adds Tsikalas. Indeed, 70 percent of students in CFYs program consistently say that having a home computer helps them become more curious and feel more confident, and nearly two-thirds of students report working harder in school because they have a home computer, the organization reports. Though researchers have found encouraging evidence that Internet use can help children stay interested in school and develop reading skills, its not an easy area to study, say experts.

Tehran Chokes and Blames Severe Pollution on US Sanctions

Table of Contents Summary Introduction Analysis Conclusion Reference List Summary This article (Dehghan 2010) explains the effects of pollution on Tehran and why sanctions are imposed by US government. Tehran is overpopulated and since the major mode of transport is by road a lot of carbon dioxide is emitted into the air hence the air in that city is polluted and when this gas is added to the gases emitted by the newly established refineries, the amount of carbon dioxide and other toxins doubles.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Tehran Chokes and Blames Severe Pollution on US Sanctions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This is an example of negative externality since pollution is caused by the daily activities in Tehran. In the recent past, people could stand minimal pollution but the current situation has become unbearable. The sanction against Iran hinders it from trading with other nations. On its part the Iranian government has been pointing an accusing finger on US government. Introduction An externality emerges when a third party is affected by any economic undertaking, thus they may experience either cost or benefit. A benefit is normally referred to as a positive externality, whereas a cost is termed as a negative externality. Things like technology are considered to be positive externalities because they benefit not only the inventors but the society at large. Negative externalities include air pollution and the social cost of drug usage (Mankiw 2008). In this regard, Iran is the world’s largest source of crude oil but then it has not been refining this oil due to lack of adequate facilities. The trade in crude oil has been doing well in the past until recently when US imposed sanctions on Iran which barred other nations from trading with Iran. While the government insists on the effect of air pollution, these sanctions have impacted negatively on Iran due to pollution. T his paper seeks to establish the effect of pollution and sanctions, and the solutions to these types of externality. Analysis The trade in crude oil has been beneficial to Iran because its economy relies on oil since its terrain cannot support other economic activities such as agriculture hence mining forms the base of economy in Iran. Just a few months ago the US government has imposed sanctions that have hindered trade between Iran and other nations and since Iran exports crude oil to other countries where its refined and then imported to Iran, the country has been devastated. The production of oil in Iran and motorized transport has resulted to excessive air pollution which in turn has made the city to be in bad condition. The sanctions have affected other economic sectors including banking because large amounts of money held by banks have been frozen hence there is inadequate supply of currency in Iran (Wright 2007). The US government imposed sanctions with the aim of punishing the Iranian government but then the punishment did not land on the intended target because by looking at the situation on the ground its not the government that is being punished but the common people.Advertising Looking for report on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The pollution has persisted which has led to the closure of learning institutions because the gases emitted are quite toxic such that people have to put on gas masks to avoid breathing in the carbon monoxide and its harmful compounds (Dehghan 2010). In this regard, air pollution is considered a negative externality. The certainty of production and consumption externalities leads to differences in private and social costs of production and usage. This implies that the costs and benefits of externalities should be added to the social cost and social benefits respectively (Mankiw 2008). This is the case of Tehran since sanctions and air pollution has resulted in social costs as explained in the previous paragraphs. The following graphs explain the concept of negative externality, where: MSC = Marginal Social Cost; MPC = Marginal Private Cost; MPB = Marginal Private Benefit; and MSB = Marginal Social Benefit. Graph 1: Negative externality in Consumption This type of externality is experienced since the MPB (the demand curve of Tehran’s oil producing companies) exceeds the MSB (the demands of the society). Thus, the people of Tehran tend to like a quantity Q1 and the companies producing oil prefer quantity Q2. Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Tehran Chokes and Blames Severe Pollution on US Sanctions specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Graph 2: Negative Externality in Production The shaded area represents the externality brought about by production. This is because the MPC (the cost of producing crude oil) is less than the MSC (the effects of pollution on people and the environment). Thus, the MPC is skewed to the right. The strategy of controlling the externality would require merging the social cost/benefits to the private costs/benefits. In trying to solve the problem of pollution and sanctions, Iran has been forced to look for alternatives to make sure its crude oil is refined because it does not sell crude oil because it does not have a refinery plant. Thus Iran has opted to refine the crude oil herself. Perhaps this is because the government of Iran is aware of the demand for oil is high all over the world. Kessler (2008) explains that it is clear that the government of Iran did not consider the effects of polluting the environment and this means they don’t have proper mechanisms of recycling the gases generated at their refinery. According to an article from the Tehran Times (2010), the Iranian government has realized that the sanctions could lead to economic decline but then its latest option has done more harm than good beca use vital sectors such as education has been halted. In addition, to that the health of Tehranians is at risk and of late more people have been admitted into hospitals because they can not breathe well. Besides, the mayor of Tehran, Qalibaf has urged the government to improve public transport with the aim of reducing air pollution. Measures include using alternate means of transport such as mass transportation and bicycling and imposing restrictions on road usage (Tehran Times 2010). The government cannot afford to ignore the refining of crude oil but it should consider introducing mechanisms of capturing the gases before they are emitted into the atmosphere. Alternatively, the refinery plant can be relocated to an isolated place far from human settlements (Torbat 2005).Advertising Looking for report on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Conclusion Air pollution has been the major cause of Tehran problems. The Iranian government should consider giving in to the demands of US government for the sake of its citizens so as to have the sanctions lifted because the sanctions will eventually lead to decline in economy which will result to other problems such as civil unrest. According to Fassihi and Cummins (2008) the refineries of oil emit carbon dioxide into the atmosphere which depletes the ozone layer which in return contributes to global warming. Air pollution is therefore a negative externality that should be avoided. Hence, the government should consider these effects and engage with the American government in negotiations. Reference List Dehghan, Saeed. 2010. â€Å"Tehran chokes and blames severe pollution on US sanctions†. The Guardian. Web. Fassihi, Farnaz and Cummins Chip. 2008.†Iranians Scheme to Elude Sanctions†. Wall Street Journal. Web. Kessler, Glenn. 2008.†US links Iranian Bank to Fifth Avenue Building†. The Washington Post. Web. Mankiw, Gregory. 2008. Principles of Economics. 5th ed. USA: Cengage Learning. Tehran Times. 2010. â€Å"Improving Public Transport is right Solution to Air Pollution†. Web. Torbat, Akbar. 2005. †Impacts of the US trade and financial sanctions on Iran†, The world Economy, vol 28, No.3, pp.407-437. Wright, Steven. 2007. The United States and Persian Gulf Security: The foundations of the war on terror. Ithaca Press. This report on Tehran Chokes and Blames Severe Pollution on US Sanctions was written and submitted by user Nash Holder to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

The One Where You Can Be Yourself Professor Ramos Blog

The One Where You Can Be Yourself The really well known T.V show sitcom â€Å"F.R.I.E.N.D.S† became very popular from 1994-2004. It’s been about 14 years since the tv show ended and yet it’s still the highest rated T.V show on IMDb. This show is relatable, funny, and quirky. Its about six friends living and doing life together. Each character has there own fun personality that makes it easy for anyone to relate to at least one of the characters. This show gives a lot of life lessons that we can all take into consideration. While each character has similar qualities, they also have their differences. One of the main characters on the show named Joey Tribbiani played by the actor Matt Leblanc, taught the audience to be yourself no matter what others think about you.   Rachel Green played by Jennifer Aniston, teaches us if you work hard and youre confident, you can accomplish anything. Chandler played by Matthew Perry   and Phoebe played by Lisa Kudrow, both teach us that just because you are an adult doesn’t mean you have to grow up. In society today we see the struggle and competition to look and act a certain way. You see all over tv or social media, girls and guys portraying themselves as what the world would call â€Å"perfect†. The bottom line is nobody is perfect and we all can’t look like the models or actors we see on T.V.   Ã¢â‚¬Å"Friends† gives a realistic but entertaining outlook on the reality of life. There is tons of pressure in life that you have to meet certain criterias. This T.V show took some of the well known problems in society and used it as a way to encourage people to be who they are despite what everyone says. Joey knows who he is and isn’t sorry for it.We see in most of the episodes Joey loves food and won’t deny any kind. In the episode â€Å"The One With The birth Mother† season 10 episode 9,   Joey goes on a date. His date starts taking his french fries, and we see that Joey hates sharing his food. While this dilemma may be extreme, lets take it with a grain of salt and review that in most episodes Joey has a unbreakable love for food and no matter what people say about him or his weight he embraces who is. In the episode â€Å"The One Where Rachel’s Sister Babysits† Rachel’s sister comes into town and pushes her opinions on everyone, being really concerned with looks and self absorbed. She says to Joey â€Å"A moment on the lips, forever on the hips.† Joeys response back to her was â€Å"I’m curvy and I like it! What a powerful bold message this truly is. Joey stood up for himself despite the opinions of others. As an actor h e became a huge influence on society and inspired people to love who they are and accept who they are. â€Å"Acceptance is the turning point of giving up old behaviors that are not working. Acceptance is active process, not resignation. It is embracing reality as the individual experiences it. When we say â€Å"embracing† this does not mean liking. To accept a feeling all is needed is to experience it instead of avoiding it†(Adria). We all struggle with this at some point in our life, whether we hate the way we look or where we are at in life.   Something we have to learn is even though we don’t like it we need to embrace it. Sometimes in life we can’t change the situation we are in but we can change the way we think about that situation. Rachel’s character came from a snobby rich family. When she was introduced on the show her character didn’t know a single thing on how to take care of herself. Everything had been handed to her but she soon realized that if you work hard in life you can accomplish what you desire. For her it was to work in fashion. â€Å"Given the opportunity, we could be successful pooling our knowledge, our skills, and our passion for building something brand new† (Goodman). In the episode â€Å"the one with Rachel’s inadvertent kiss† season 5 Rachel finally lands a job at Fortunata Fashion. She thinks that this is her big break into the fashion world until she soon realizes that shes an assistant getting coffee for everyone. It wasn’t until in the later seasons she lands a job at Ralph Lauren as an executive. In life we may not get the dream job right away but that doesn’t mean it won’t happen. Sometimes in life we have to be patient and pers istent in what is placed in front of us until new opportunities come along.   While sometimes that easier said than done that doesn’t you can have fun along the way. Life is too short to be serious all the time and sometimes you need a good laugh to keep you going.   This show did a really good job with giving the characters Chandler and Phoebe a light hearted look on life. In one of Chandlers witty saying he says, â€Å" I say more dumb things before 9 A.M than most people say all day.†   With Phoebe’s character we see a free spirited person with a positive outlook on life and always seeing the good in any situation. â€Å"Yes, there is a time and place when it’s important to take things seriously. These are times that involve compassion, empathy, and introspection. However, most situations we find ourselves in are actually not worth fussing over. In fact, they are perfect opportunities for taking a lighthearted approach to living† (Sicinski). This is such a valuable life lesson we can all take into consideration when dealing with trials and hard circumstances in life.   Life is a long journey and we just got t o enjoy the ride even if its bumpy. This show is great because of it’s relatable life lessons anyone can take into consideration no matter what is going on in our lives. The show emphasizes on a lot of diversity in society and brings it to light. F.R.I.E.N.D.S inspires people to be and accept who they are. It showed people motivation and confidence can allow you to accomplish your hearts desires.   It allows people to be okay with the fact that we don’t have it all together and sometime you got to be goofy. â€Å"Just live your life the way you want. And laugh as much as you can while you’re at it. Especially about yourself†(Foroux). The reason friends is such a great T.V show is because it takes lifes daily struggles and makes entertaining journey. Annotated Biblography Goodman, Morris, and Joel Yanofsky. To Make a Difference†¯: A Prescription for a Good Life. MQUP, 2014. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=e000xnaAN=784495site=ehost-live. Pearson, Adria N., et al. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy for Body Image Dissatisfaction†¯: A Practitioner’s Guide to Using Mindfulness, Acceptance, and Values-Based Behavior Change Strategies. New Harbinger Publications, 2010. EBSCOhost, search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=truedb=e000xnaAN=433416site=ehost-live. Foroux, Darius.You’re Delirious If You Take Life Serious.Life’s too short for seriousness. Dariusforoux.com, 8 August 2016.https://medium.com/darius-foroux/youre-delirious-if-you-take-life-serious-57820e01f4c4 Sicinski, Adam.Here’s Why You Need to Stop Taking Life So Seriously. Lifetime Achiever Archives. IQ Matrix.2008. https://blog.iqmatrix.com/taking-life-seriously

Text Analyse Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Text Analyse - Assignment Example The teacher should point out the sentences that were missing subject and verbs in addition to the wrong use of modals. In order for Jessica to practice models in her conversation she would need to listen to her conversation and write down the sentences that were pointed out by her counterpart or her instructor. She would note her mistakes then verbally speak out the corrected sentences a number of times as to practice the correct use of these sentences. The use of the future form is incorrect as it should not be used because of the presence of the adverb of frequency "always." Present simple tense was used in the same sentence with future tense concerning the same event. Jessica needs to get instruction in the use of future and present tenses. This must be followed by practical exercise of the use of both tense which can be accomplished by distinguishing between future and present tenses in the form of questions. Practical exercises should consist of different verbs put in different tenses in the middle of various sentences. She must be able to distinguish between when she should use the future tense and when she must not. Jessica needs to learn about the different hypothetical forms that are used in English. She must learn the correct grammatical and formation of "if" and "when" conditional sentences. She must also practice the use of these hypothetical forms as to naturally start to include in her conversations and thus better convey her ideas. To teach Jessica, she must theoretically be familiar with the correct hypothetical forms and she must practice their use. Theoretically she must be introduced to the correct grammatical use of hypothetical forms and then introduced to a number of examples with correct hypothetical forms. She later must practice to speak out and loudly talk using sentences with hypothetical forms as to familiarize her self and improve her conversation skills.

1. Compare two article (see attachment) Coursework

1. Compare two article (see attachment) - Coursework Example This particular study also involves the presence of both qualitative and quantitative approach of research methodology. In terms of qualitative study, article 2 involved in the procedure of data collection through the review of several research articles. However, in this research article, there are no such evidences of application of any sort of theory or model (Black, 2013; MacIntosh & Doherty, 2007). Both the aforesaid articles witnessed the application of quantitative research methodologies. These quantitative research studies in both the articles involved the use of questionnaire for the purpose of gathering primary data from different respondents. In this regard, relating to the research article 1, data has been mainly collected through the framing of a questionnaire, which is specifically designed for two categories including private and public sectors. These involved 547 respondents (Ramachandran & et. al., 2011). On the other hand, in article 2, primary data in the form of questionnaire was mainly collected from the respondents of five different fitness clubs. In this approach, 113 individuals have responded to the questionnaire out of 250 targeted participants (MacIntosh & Doherty, 2007). In this study, questionnaires were sent to 250 clients through mails and out of which 113 of them responded effectively and provided valid responses (MacIntosh & Doherty, 2007). From a contrastive perspective, in article 1, the 547 respondents exclusively involved the faculty members of different higher educational institutes, comprising both public and private. In this study, data was collected by contacting with them through telephones or mail (Ramachandran & et. al., 2011). Furthermore, in article 1, the methodology also involved the presence of a pilot study amid 20 respondents. The reason behind the conduct of pilot study is to determine the

Cross Cultural Transitions Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Cross Cultural Transitions - Research Paper Example Le Ly Hayslip then made up her mind to divert all her energy towards her career, to establish a restaurant and to supervise all the rental properties in her possession. After she had accumulated her assets, she made up her mind to support her own native land using the wealth she had acquired. She managed to set up medical clinics after establishing a foundation that was known as the east meets the west. In addition, Hayslip was determined to end the existing hatred and to heal wounds that had resulted from the war. The earlier war completely separated Hayslip whole family. One of her brothers lost touch with the family for 20 years after fleeing to Hanoi. Another brother lost his life in a landmine. Her father, on the other hand, received great pressure from the Viet Cong. They wanted him to take the initiative to persuade her daughter Hayslip to become a saboteur.In trying to understand, the real meaning of culture shock our reference mainly is the life and experiences of Le Ly Hays lip during her childhood and the early adulthood stages. She was forced by the then existing hostility and insecurity in her own homeland, Vietnam to seek for safety in different countries. In trying to link up the transition experienced by Le Ly Hayslip, culture shock meaning has to be well understood. Culture shock is the difficulty experienced by individuals when they are forced by certain circumstances to adjust to another culture that varies from that in their native land.... Out this marriage, Le Ly Hayslip bore a second son. Her main objective was to get an opportunity to move to America and she did a few years later. Her husband died after they had relocated to America and she remarried Dennis Hayslip in spite him being an alcoholic and abusive. Their marriage took place after Dennis Hayslip had assisted Le Ly’s sister to flee from Vietnam. However, after formalizing their union, their differences escalated and Hayslip filed for a divorce. Their marriage ended after the death of Dennis through carbon monoxide poisoning. Le Ly Hayslip then made up her mind to divert all her energy towards her career, to establish a restaurant and to supervise all the rental properties in her possession. After she had accumulated her assets, she made up her mind to support her own native land using the wealth she had acquired. She managed to set up medical clinics after establishing a foundation that was known as the east meets the west. In addition, Hayslip was d etermined to end the existing hatred and to heal wounds that had resulted from the war. The earlier war completely separated Hayslip whole family. One of her brothers lost touch with the family for 20 years after fleeing to Hanoi. Another brother lost his life in a land mine. Her father on the other hand, received great pressure from the Viet Cong. They wanted him to take the initiative to persuade her daughter Hayslip to become a saboteur. Hayslip father however, opted to commit suicide instead of yielding into the pressure. In trying to understand, the real meaning of culture shock our reference mainly is the life and experiences of Le Ly Hayslip during her childhood and the early adulthood stages. She was forced by the then existing hostility and

Business Analysis Of LOréal

Business Analysis Of LOrà ©al LOreal is the worlds largest French based cosmetic company which is running successfully and globally in Northern America, Western Europe, Latin America, Eastern Europe, Asia, Africa, Orient, Pacific and some other countries for the marketing business. Later, in Africa. They also offer the best for all the consumer beauty in many distribution channels like ( In Hair Salons, In Mass Market Outlets, In Perfumes and Department Stores, Through Pharmacies and Dermatologistics and In The Body Shop Stores as well). Cosmetics group is being able to focus in prices, for all the lifestyle, in many different regions globally. They are wondering that what is going to happen to their products from the same company which might take a huge turn over to complete or compitet against them. They also marked there 100 years would be defined with 100 different projects to give them a good support with their citizen projects and would involve the employers all over the world in a tangible and effective way. They also made a calculation reduction for their goals during (2005-2015). There Goals is to achieve 50% through the greenhouse gas emission 50% with the waste generations per finished products and 50% of water consumption per finished products. As LOreal is more considered into Making the World Beauty Universally for everyone in this whole world. INTRODUCTION LOreal company was invented in (1907) by Eugene Schueller the young French Chemist, who took a first move by creating the first hair dyes and started his sales by selling them to the French hairdressers. This move made him focus and concentrate on researching, starting for his investment to achieve the beauty for consumers and to look forward with the name LOreal. LOreal is a listed company, as Liliane Bettencourt and the Swiss food company Nestle are the founders as each of them are controlling 30% (percent) of the shares. In (1988-2000) the director and the chairman Lindsay Owen-Jones in (2006) started the company with the cosmetic marketing. Therefore today LOreal is the 1st Cosmetic group worldwide it has 27 International brands which is running globally in almost 130 Countries with à ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã… ¡Ã‚ ¬20.3 Billion Euros with more than 68,900 Employees. LOreal company has a setup of 5 key division and activities which is related with LOreal LUXE, CONSUMER Products, PROFESSIONAL Products, ACTIVE Cosmetics and The BODY SHOP. There are some products which contains the highest growth rates like LancÃÆ' ´me, Giorgio Armani, Kiehls, Kerastase, Maybelline New York and La Roche-Posay contains a range of exceptionally high quality products that are globally recognized all over the world. Therefore, this success accomplished under his leadership Sir Lindsay who have recognized to help the consumers individually by desiring them or getting them to be beautiful, his mission was to achieve to create the effective growth strategy for their brands in order for companies success. PESTEL Analysis It stands for Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal analysis. It is a part of the external analysis when conducting a strategic analysis or doing market research and gives a certain overview of the different macro environmental factors that the company has to take into consideration. Political factors The political challenges is that LOreal must try to change all the political leadership styles in many different countries where they are operating it with. Or how and to what degree a government intervenes in the economy. Specifically, political factors include areas such as tax policy, labour law, environmental law, trade restrictions, tariffs, and political stability. Political factors may also include goods and services which the government wants to provide. Also, LOreal is getting effected by the legislation for advertising (demerit goods or merit bads). LOreal is producing almost all the safe products which doesnt contain any harmful substance or any kind of effectiveness. Furthermore, governments have great influence on the health, education, and infrastructure of a nation. Economic factors include economic growth, interest rates, exchange rates and the inflation rate in all the countries which they are operating in. For example in (2004), LOreal was been affected by the continues weakness of the dollar and other currencies. These factors have major impacts on how businesses operate and make decisions. For example, interest rates affect a firms cost of capital and therefore to what extent a business grows and expands. Exchange rates affect the costs of exporting goods and the supply and price of imported goods in an economy. Social factors Because LOreals business in exactly at the centre of the people all over. It is closely involved in the life of the communities where they are located and it also includes the cultural aspects and include health consciousness, population growth rate, age distribution, career attitudes and emphasis on safety. Trends in social factors affect the demand for a companys products and how that company operates. Technological factors It includes the ecological and environmental aspects, such as RD activity, automation, technology incentives and the rate of technological change. (Eugene Schelleur) who founded the scientist researches. LOreal has embraced the technological innovation in many ways. They can determine barriers to entry, minimum efficient production level and influence outsourcing decisions. Furthermore, technological shifts can affect costs, quality, and lead to innovation. Environmental factors The main factor includes weather, climate, and climate change, which is especially affects the industries such as tourism, farming, and insurance. Furthermore, growing awareness to climate change is affecting how companies operate and the products they offerit is both creating new markets and diminishing or destroying existing ones. Legal factors That include discrimination law, consumer law, antitrust law, employment law, and health and safety law. These factors can affect how a company operates, its costs, and the demand for its products. PORTER FIVE FORCES It exists with the intensity of the following Rivalries, Threat of Substitutes, Threat of new competitors, Bargaining power of Suppliers, and Bargaining power of Customers. It is essential to understand the many different risk and rewards of an industry. Bargaining Power of Suppliers (Internal) Suppliers is the business that supply materials and other products into the industry .if suppliers have a high range of bargaining power then the company gets less attraction. It has a high power when many buyers and few dominators supply not differentiated. High valued products (Switching cost Substitute products are unavailable in the market place. For Example: Raw Materials Packaging Point of Sales Equipments So that mean LOreal has many suppliers in producing their products. So therefore, their bargaining power is low. Bargaining Power of Customers (Internal) When buyers are less sensitive to prices, prices can increase and buyers will still buy the product. Inelastic demand positively affects LOreal Paris. When there are large numbers of customers, no one customer tends to have bargaining leverage. Limited bargaining leverage helps LOreal Paris. Intensity of Existing Rivalry (External) Government policies and regulations can dictate the level of competition within the industry and will have a long term negative impact on this entity, which subtracts from the entity value. Threat of Substitutes (External) Threat for substitute products refer to produce in other industries. It exists when a product demand is affected by the price change of a substitute product there are number of chemicals in shampoo and other bath and body products which is frightening. As essentially, whatever toxics to put or use in your mouth toxics on your skin as well. Threat of New Competitors (External) The important entry is for the Barriers quality, pricing and marketing which can overcome with the barriers in many different ways. Also new firms sometimes is easy to enter the industries because of high-quality products, lower price and substantial marketing resources. LOreals main competitors are the cover girls, Avon, Revlon etc. The main Threats for LOreal is their products are luxuries which could be hurt by an economic downturn however they are able to be global and act locally. Also it may affect their distribution system. VIRIN Analysis It stands for Valuable, Rare, Inimitable and Non-substitutable LOreal corporate reputation is a type of retailing which enables a brand KIELHS and THE BODY SHOP which are the free standing store and developing. This is an invaluable way of getting the consumers by measuring the success of products and advertising them in a real time. In LOreal rare is an auto regenerating flower which is known as Haberlea Rhodopensis which is global anti ageing skincare that produces to protect and revitalise the skin. SWOT Analysis The word SWOT is an acronym meaning: S Strengths W Weakness O Opportunities T Threats The main act of SWOT analysis is that The importance of performing a SWOT analysis is that, no business should take a high risk strategy if there are any significant weaknesses foreseen. Performing a SWOT analysis may consider in, What are the weak/strong products, divisions, attitudes etc.? Are there any gaps/opportunities? Are we strong in the right way to exploit the opportunity? Considering the above facts a SWOT analysis has taken place to mark the right opportunity. Strengths: Generally high profit margins Well known worldwide High RD skills in Headquarters Product Innovation Consistent quality Workplace safety and environmental concern (image) Local product production and loyal customers Online growth Weakness: Bad communication High Failure rate of new cosmetics Low profit margins may be subject to seasonal variations such as (Valentines, Mothers Day and Christmas). Opportunities: Acquisitions natural product awareness. High quality products will become prevalent. Financial markets (raise money through debt, etc) Emerging new market segments and expansion abroad. Product and services expansion Asian, African and South American markets are growing. Threats: High competition from foreign brands. Low cost of switching may encourage consumers to trail new products. Economic downturn has a result in the reduction of spending on luxury goods. Conclusion Based on this analysis LOreal is trying to focus on the photonics to enhance the cosmetics colours, with the shop shelves where there are trying to show the world as the first cosmetic. LOreal sales margin in yearly bases is more than 4.6 billion individually as ever purchase of any consumers choice product like ( beauty salon ). This is the main reason why the consumer are satisfied and look forward to their products. Là ¢Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ¬Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ã‚ ¢Oreal seems to give it competitive advantage over its rivals. They are a dominant player in the market and probably the leading seller of the beauty products. They also have many opportunities to open them and they should also take advantage of their strengths in the market they operate with. In short, the main fact behind their success is to reach out to the consumers with many different countries of the global by different cultural patterns and different income ranges. That is the main reason behind their success of brand LOreal.

Stereotypes and Stereotyping - I Was a Teenage Brain :: Example Personal Narratives

Stereotyping - I Was a Teenage Brain It was a Friday afternoon, and I was waiting for my history class to start. The students sitting around me were talking about a big party that a girl was having that night. A guy sitting across from me turned and asked me if I was going to go to the party. Before I could answer him, he broke in and said that I would probably go home, do my homework and study all night. That Friday is one time I remember very well that being stereotyped as a brain limited what I could do. Just because I was not going to be at the party, it bothered me that my classmates assumed I would be at home studying. His assumption was caused by the characteristics associated with the stereotype of a brain. A brain is a person who does well in school, gets good grades, always has their homework completed and likes to be on top. A brain is usually neat and organized. People wrongly think brains spend all of their time studying and doing homework. They think brains do not care about their appearance and are not involved in athletics. A brain is expected to wear thick glasses held together with tape, wear a pocket protector, be skinny and zit-faced and always have a calculator. A brain is usually associated with not being well dressed and being unattractive. Television and movies have helped contribute to this unattractive picture of a brain. Some examples are Screech from Saved by the Bell, Carol from Growing Pains and Steve Urkel from Family Matters. I think the reason that people have placed me in the stereotype of a brain is because I have done well in all of my classes throughout school. I like to learn new things, and school is not very difficult for me. I always hated to get a test back because my classmates would ask what I received on the test. When I showed them my "A," I knew they resented that I had received a better grade than they did. They did not understand that I had to work hard to earn the "A." Because of my good grades, I am stereotyped as a brain.

Home Video Game

1: Why the rapid growth of Atari? Why the 1982-85 collapse? How did Nintendo rebuild the industry? What was its strategy? After Bushnell settled on Atari, his first built was the simplest game, which people knew the rules immediately, and this game could be played with only one hand. Then, Bushnell talked his way into a $ 50000 line of credit from a local bank to start his business. By 1974, 100,000 Pong-like games were sold worldwide, and although Atari manufactured only 10 percent of the game, the company still made $3. 2 million that year. Atari had a rapid growth because it is a new industry, and Atari does not have any competitor at that time. So, Atari is the only company in this home video game industry, and it has a huge power of supplier with no competitors and substitutes. After 1976, about twenty different companies were crowding into the home videogame market, Atari still has more than 50% market share in the industry. Until 1978, Atari estimated that total demand would reach 2 million units. In 1982, Atari lost $500 in the first nine months of the year. Part of the blame for the collapse was laid at the feet of an enormous inventory overhang of unsold games. With more and more new games hit the market, the average price would goes down and the profits goes down as well. Nintendo established a commanding worldwide position by the end of the decade. The first step of Nintendo was to license video game technology from Magnavox. Then, Nintendo tried to develop its own video game machine (Famicom) that combined superior graphics processing capabilities and low cost. In the US, Nintendo established a subsidiary named as Nintendo of America (NOA) by 1980, and Nintendo repositioned the market in U. S. NOA spent about 2% of sales budget for advertising and also sought out promotion partner, and it practiced careful inventory management in releasing its new games. In conclusion, Nintendo made an innovative new game system which had some competitive advantages such as cheaper, superior image quality, faster hardware processing and a connector that can be used for future addition of a modem and keyboard. : How was Nintendo able to capture value from the home video game business? First of all, with the video game industry’s collapse, none of the company seems to have anything to do with the with the home video business except Nintendo. So, it was a big chance for Nintendo to monopolize the video game business, and it was a good chance to negotiate and license other companies to develop games for its system. Secondly, Nintendo has good market posi tion and distribution in United Stated. Thirdly, Nintendo has good game designing and technology, and it uses the regulation, contract and patent license to limit the market share of other game companies. 3: How was Sega able to gain market share from Nintendo? With Sega’s first game Periscope, Sega built up a respectable export business. Then, Sega realized that great games drove sales and more powerful technology gave game developers the tools to develop more appealing games. Sega also licensed other companies to develop games for the Genesis platform, but asked for lower royalty rates than Nintendo. Despite aggressive marketing in the 80s, it wasn't until the introduction of Sonic the Hedgehog in 1991 as a direct competitor to Nintendo's Mario character that Sega was able to capture a meaningful amount of the market with its Genesis console. The key point was Genesis does what Nintendo don’t, and Sega version out sold Nintendo’s two to one. 4: Evaluate the competitive strategy of 3DO. What flaws can you see in 3DO’s approach? The vision for 3DO was to shift the home video game business away from the existing cartridge-based format and toward a CD-ROM-based platform. The belief at 3DO is that the superior storage and graphics processing capabilities of the 3DO system would prove very attractive to game developers, allowing them to be far more creative. In turn, better games would attract customers away from Nintendo and Sega. The 3DO’s strategy was to license its hardware technology for free. However, only a few 3DO titles were available by the Christmas period where reports suggested 150 titles, and sales of the hardware were slow. As can be seen, 3DO did good at its software, but bad at its hardware. As a result, 3DO announced that it would either sell its hardware system or move into joint venture. 5: How come the Sony Play Station has succeeded where 3DO failed? Sony set up a retail channel separate from its consumer electronics sales force, and Sony has a good communication with retailers before the launch to find out how it could help them sell the play station. Sony targets its advertising for PlayStation at specific generation and age range. So, Sony focused on it retailers and customers, and it has a good market position. On the other side, 3DO only focused on its products but lack of the communication with its retailers and customers. 6: What drove Microsoft’s decision to enter the industry with its X-box offering? Because before Microsoft entered the home video game industry, it was no stranger to games. Microsoft had long participated in the PC gaming industry and was one of the largest publishers of PC games. X-box was based on Microsoft’s PC technology, and it would be much easier for software developers to write game for. Microsoft enter the industry because with annual revenues in excess of $20 billion worldwide, the home video game industry is huge and an important source of potential growth for Microsoft. 7: What lessons can be learned from the history of the home video game industry that has been used to help launch the Sony PlayStation II and Microsoft’s X-Box? Do Microsoft and Sony appear to have learned and applied these lessons? The lesson can be learned from the history of the home video industry was to focus on R&D, market positioning, cost leadership, innovation, technology and communications. Sony PlayStation II has consumed about 1. 3 billion in R&D, and Sony actually loses money on Sony PlayStation machine but gain from game CDs. On the other side, Microsoft’s X-Box cut X-box price over time but guaranteed a profit margin. There are three technical factors determined the quality of a video game: data width (in bits), clock speed (in MHz), and the amount of RAM (in bytes). Both Sony PlayStation II and Microsoft’s X-Box have their own competitive advantage in these technologies, and they also both are good game designers.

Cosi Essay Example

Cosi Essay Example Cosi Essay Cosi Essay Act one Scene one: Plot: Lewis along with his girlfriend, Lucy, and his friend, Nick, enter â€Å"a burnt out theatre. † As they struggle to find a light switch they joined by Roy. Lucy leaves and Nick who is frightened joins her. Lewis meets Justin the social worker and then the other members appear. Doug, a pyromaniac, Henry, who says nothing and Zac, a musician. The women join them soon after, Cherry, who is violent, Julie, a drug addict and Ruth, who suffers obsessive compulsive disorder. Lewis is in an unusual situation and doesn’t know what to say to the members.Roy jumps at this opportunity to suggest Cosi Fan Tutti. Roy tries to sell the story but no one shares his enthusiasm. Pg1- â€Å"A burnt out theatre† (mental health system) Pg2- â€Å"This is where I belong: in the theatre† (Roy) (Importance of Art) Pg3- â€Å"Part of this project is to bring out people like Henry† (Importance of Art) Pg5- â€Å"They are normal people who have done e xtraordinary things, thought extraordinary thoughts† (Mental health system) Pg6- â€Å"Go burn a cat† Pg7- â€Å"Detoxed yet† Pg12- â€Å"I prefer this to the ward† (Importance of Art) Act one Scene two:Plot: Lewis auditions the singers, only to find that none of them can sing. Lewis decides that the opera will be done in English. During a lunch break, Lewis listens to a radio interview that Nick gives about the moratorium. â€Å"They’ll want the war to end, they’ll want changes in our society, they’ll want to overthrow the establishment. † Doug continues to ask Lewis personal questions and then reveals the story of burning his mother’s cats. Cherry flirts with Lewis and feeds him a sandwich. Doug suddenly appears and yells there’s a â€Å"fire in the dunnies. Cherry â€Å"throttles him†. Pg15- â€Å"I aim for the stars† Pg16- â€Å"let’s make love not war† (War) Pg17- â€Å"Theyâ€⠄¢ll want the war to end, they’ll want changes in our society, they’ll want to overthrow the establishment. † (War) Pg17- â€Å"to be against the Vietnam war is also to be against the old fossilised government we now have†(War) Pg20- â€Å"If it wasn’t for that damn cat, I wouldn’t be here† Act one Scene three: Plot: After Doug’s fire, Justin announces that the project will be disbanded and blames Doug for the incident. Cherry claims responsibility so that the play can continue.The rehearsals continue only to have more problems. Henry refuses to speak, Zac insists on playing the piano accordion, Ruth becomes obsessed about the coffee and â€Å"how many steps† she needs to take and Roy bangs his head on the floor out of frustration. During a break, Lewis is reading a student newspaper only to be disrupted by Julie. She tells him about her drug addiction and questions him about his love life with Lucy. Cherry enters and for ce feeds Lewis cake. At this point, Doug’s new fire begins to explode and Cherry pulls out her flick knife.Pg22- â€Å"Roy is devastated, as are the others† (Importance of Art) Pg23- â€Å"This experiment was to bring them out of their shells, not to allow them to wreak havoc. † (Importance of Art) Pg23- â€Å"It was me! Doug isn’t to blame. † (Courage) Pg25- â€Å"You believe me that I didn’t start the fire deliberately? † (Trust) Pg27- â€Å"Cosi offers you a chance to do something successful† (importance of Art) Pg33- â€Å"She hates me doing an opera about love and fidelity while thousands of Vietnamese are being killed by American troops. † (War) Pg33- â€Å"I read this stupid libretto, trying to remember the lines. † Pg34- â€Å"It’s urning like a beauty† (Betrayal) Act one Scene four: Plot: Doug has been committed to a closed ward after setting the theatre alight. Julie arrives and talks more about her drug addiction and what the play means to her. â€Å"I like it because I’m doing something. Using up energy. † Cherry arrives and offers her knife to Lewis because Doug has threatened to kill him. Ruth insists that they will have to continue because she has learnt her lines already. Roy announces that Lewis will need to take over Doug’s role in the play. Nick arrives to help with the opera but gets into a fight with Henry about communists.After convincing Henry that he is not a communist, Lewis decides that the characters will instead return disguised as Australian soldiers. Pg35- â€Å"Put in by you-know-who† (Roy feels betrayed by Lewis) Pg36- â€Å"Getting out of my ward. God, how I hate that ward† (Importance of Art) Pg36- â€Å"Cosi gave me something to think about, something to do. † Pg37- â€Å"Lewis is angry with Roy but says nothing. † (Patience) Pg40- â€Å"He’s having shock treatment. Been a bit depressed lately† (Mental Health system) Pg46- â€Å"Jerry, do whatever Nick says. † (Roys trust in Nick) Pg46- â€Å"You support the communists. Yes. † (War) Pg47- â€Å"What’s this about Vietnam?It’s a place somewhere in Asia. There’s a war going on. (mental health system and War) Act two Scene one: Plot: Cherry suggests that they use electro-shock equipment in a scene where Roy rehearses this approach. Zac arrives with a model of the set which is painted plain white and a poster of Mozart in a straightjacket advertising the opera. Roy becomes alarmed because he feels that the production is moving further and further away from his vision. â€Å"I had a dream, Jerry, and it is fading. † Lewis misses the moratorium so that they can rehearse and Henry announces that the women of the opera remind him of his wife.Zac gropes Ruth who responds with hostility. Julie and Lewis exchange a kiss as Cherry looks for them. Suddenly the lights come back on. Pg59- â€Å"Brings back too many memories† (mental health system) Pg61- â€Å"It’s only white walls. May as well be back in our wards† (Mental health system) Pg62- â€Å"A lower dosage. It’s amazing how much more bright the world seems. † (Mental Health system) Pg64- â€Å"Isn’t that the first day of your moratorium? This comes first. † (Lewis’ loyalty) Pg68- â€Å"Julie kisses Lewis. He responds and they kiss passionately† (infidelity)

Oliver Button Is a Sissy by Tomie dePaola

'Oliver Button Is a Sissy' by Tomie dePaola Oliver Button Is a Sissy, a childrens picture book written and illustrated by Tomie dePaola, is the story of a boy who stands up to bullies not by fighting, but by staying true to himself. The book is particularly recommended  for ages 4-8, but it has also been used successfully with upper elementary and middle school kids in conjunction with discussions about bullying. The Story of  Oliver Button Is a Sissy The story, based on the childhood experiences of Tomie dePaola, is a simple one. Oliver Button doesn’t like sports like the other boys do. He likes to read, draw pictures, dress up in costumes, and sing and dance. Even his father calls him a sissy and tells him to play ball. But Oliver isn’t good at sports and he isn’t interested. His mother tells him he needs to get some exercise, and when Oliver mentions he likes to dance, his parents enroll him in Ms. Leah’s Dancing School. His father says it is, Especially for the exercise. Oliver loves to dance and loves his shiny new tap shoes. However, it hurts his feelings when the other boys make fun of him. One day when he arrives at school, he sees that someone has written on the school wall, Oliver Button Is a sissy. Despite the teasing and bullying, Oliver continues dance lessons. In fact, he increases his practice time in hopes of winning the big talent show. When his teacher encourages the other students to attend and root for Oliver, the boys in his class whisper, Sissy! Although Oliver hopes to win and does not, both of his parents are very proud of his dancing ability. After losing the talent show, Oliver is reluctant to go back to school and be teased and bullied again. Imagine his surprise and delight when he walks into the schoolyard and discovers that someone has crossed out the word sissy on the school wall and added a new word. Now the sign reads, Oliver Button is a star! Author and Illustrator Tomie dePaola Tomie dePaola is known for his childrens picture books and his chapter books. Hes the author and/or illustrator of more than 200 childrens books. These include Patrick, Patron Saint of Ireland  and a number of books, including board books of Mother Goose rhymes, among many others. Book Recommendation Oliver Button Is a Sissy is a wonderful book. Since it was first published in 1979, parents and teachers have shared this picture book with children from four to fourteen. It helps children to get the message that its important for them to do what’s right for them despite teasing and  bullying. Children also begin to understand how important it is not to bully others for being different. Reading the book to your child is an excellent way to start a conversation about bullying. However, whats best about Oliver Button Is a Sissy is that it is a good story that engages childrens interest. It is well written, with wonderful complementary illustrations. It is highly recommended, particularly for kids ages 4-8, but also for elementary and middle school teachers to include in any discussion of bullies and bullying. (Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1979. ISBN: 9780156681407)

Organizational Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Organizational Behavior - Essay Example He further proposed that leaders who have a higher level of orientation towards relationships are more effective when the situations they experience are moderately or completely under the control of a leader and such tasks are less difficult. Later Fiedler and fellow researchers provided an extension of the contingency theory of leadership; this theory was labeled as cognitive resource theory. Under this theory, Fiedler pays emphasis to the role played by stress in determining the favorableness of a particular scenario and how leaders can react to such situations. He argues that leaders have to make rational choices, but they fail to make rational choices while dealing with overly stressful situations. Fiedler proposes that in order to counter this issue organizations need to hire those leaders who have the required knowledge, skills and abilities (KSAs) related to the business at hand as those who have the required KSAs will be able to deal with situations where the stress level is quite high. According to the theory of cognitive resource theory, leaders can be divided into two categories. First are those who are highly experienced and others are those who are high in intellect. ... g a problem in a creative manner and in low stress situations there is abundant amount of time for such leaders to think creatively and solve the issue at hand. In case of policing leadership, swat team leaders are those who are highly experienced and are more useful in situations that are highly stressful such as a hostage situation. These leaders use their negotiation ability to talk down the criminal and their experience is of utmost importance as under a hostage situation there are chances that the hostage taker might kill hostages. On the other hand, crime scene investigators are leaders who are high in intellect and are required in situations where a particular crime scene needs to be looked at in a creative manner. These leaders tend to look at a crime scene from different angles and they analyze a lot of evidence before coming to a conclusion of who committed the crime and how the crime was committed. Those leaders who follow the transactional leadership style are of the perc eption that employees are motivated due to rewards and in order to motivate them to work hard, leaders need to appraise their work through rewards (Allen, 2010, p.215). For example: a police officer may not risk his/her life in trying to erase crime from the society if he/she believes that the wages he/she is being paid is equal to risking their life. Thus a transactional leadership will have to reward him with enough wages that is perceived by him/her as equal to risking life in order to motivate them. A transformational leader is one who believes in motivating others through various techniques such as leading by setting an example or encouraging followers to participate in decision making and providing ideas for issues faced by the organization. For example: the chief investigation

Global Strategy of ZAK-Squared Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Global Strategy of ZAK-Squared - Case Study Example Individual business division managers could analyze their market, make local decisions based on their analysis and funnel this information up to the corporate level. These divisions could also gear their business to their environment and its demands. Throughout the history of 3M, communication was of the utmost importance. At all levels of management as well as front line workers, there were a number opportunities such as retreats, councils, The Annual Technology Fair, as well as internal encouragement to maintain contact with other division employees. This mode of organization forced 3M to restructure time and time again. Breaking apart divisions and redefining policies and procedures. The Technical Council (numbering 80 people by early 1990) allowed the heads of its increasingly dispersed labs to meet on a regular basis. This was encompassed from the workings of the Technical Forum that was created in the early 1950s that was formed by "senators" that were drawn from the practicing scientists and technologies in each of the 80 3M US-based lbs.

Criticisms of Womens Roles in 1930s Film Research Paper - 5

Criticisms of Womens Roles in 1930s Film - Research Paper Example In addition, irrespective of specific female stars’ legendary statues, gender roles have been firmly reinforced by role these women have played (Dawson, 1995, p. 71). This research paper provides a detailed analysis of how Hollywood portrayed women in film focusing particularly ob the 1930s using Gold diggers of 1933 as a framework. To fully cover the topic, four themes will be discusses: the representation of women in early 1930s film, the portrayal of women, the real-life role of women, and the criticism women’s role in these films (Kolbjornsen, 1998, p. 1). The 1930s remains a renowned era of depression. As such therefore, it provides an interesting backdrop to research thoroughly how women are portrayed as a result of the changed morals and cynicism globally. In one of his publications, Kaplan (1994:3) states that Hollywood cinematography in many instances objectified women for men’s pleasure. Another author, Mulvey (1989, p. 56), depicts that that the role women play is worth looking but not worth listening. This proves the controversy that has existed among scholars in respect to women role in Hollywood films. During this era therefore, men viewed women in diverse dimensions, referred to as Madonna (housewives)/whore complex. To many, therefore, women were objects of sexual fulfillments, and hence sexually active whores, or simply pristine and powerless Madonnas. Arguably, it is for this reason that Gates (2011, 23) states that the manner in which women images are presented in Hollywood film solely aims at gratifying male vie wers. As evident in Gold diggers of 1933, argument that women are sex objects in films is a full display. Ginger Rogers, Joan Blondell and Ruby Keeler play the major roles of women. In their role, they appear as stereotypical bombshells, slender and beautiful, and in many of their appearances dressed in skimpy costumes.

Marketing Segmentation Essay Example for Free

Marketing Segmentation Essay

Operations Management Competitiveness At Loreal Company

Operations Management Competitiveness At Loreal Company Operation management is the business function that plans, organizes, coordinates, and controls the resources needed to produce a companys goods and services. Operations management is a management function. It involves managing people, equipment, technology, information, and many other resources. Operation management is the central core function of every company. This is true whether the company is large or small, provides a physical good or service, is for profit or not for profit. Every company has an operations management function. Actually all the other organizational functions are there primarily to support the operations function. Without operations, there would be no goods or services to sell. The marketing function provides the needed capital. It is the operations function, however, that plans and coordinates all the resources needed to design, produce, and deliver the merchandise to the various retail locations. Without operations, there would be no good or services to sell t o customers. The role of operations management is to transform a companys inputs into the finished goods or services. Inputs include human resources, facilities and processes, as well as materials, technology, information. Outputs are the goods and services a company produces. LOreal is one of the leading cosmetics companies in the world. It has already been operating a Citrix terminal server farm for several years. However, by early 2004, the tried and tested manual installation practiced by the administrators had reached its limits, leading to instability in the system. LOreal was able to fully automate the installation of its terminal servers and thus considerably increase the stability and its IT infrastructure. LOreal beauty products with the range of cosmetics stylings products for men and women. LOreal has developed activities in the field of cosmetics, concentrating on hair colour, skin care, sun protection, makeup, perfumes and hair care. LOreal is active in the dermatological and pharmaceutical fields. Role of the Operations Managers Some people (especially those professionally involved in operations management!) argue that operations management involves everything an organisation does. In this sense, every manager is an operations manager, since all managers are responsible for contributing to the activities required to create and deliver an organisations goods or services. However, others argue that this definition is too wide, and that the operations function is about producing the right amount of a good or service, at the right time, of the right quality and at the right cost to meet customer requirements. Operations managers are responsible for managing activities that are part of the production of goods and services. Their direct responsibilities include managing both the operations process, embracing design, planning, control, performance improvement, and operations strategy. Their indirect responsibilities include interacting with those managers in other functional areas within the organisation whose roles have an impact on operations. Such areas include marketing, finance, accounting, personnel and engineering. Operations managers responsibilities include: Human resource management the people employed by an organisation either work directly to create a good or service or provide support to those who do. People and the way they are managed are a key resource of all organisations. Asset management an organisations buildings, facilities, equipment and stock are directly involved in or support the operations function. Cost management most of the costs of producing goods or services are directly related to the costs of acquiring resources, transforming them or delivering them to customers. For many organisations in the private sector, driving down costs through efficient operations management gives them a critical competitive edge. For organisations in the not-for-profit sector, the ability to manage costs is no less important. Decision making is a central role of all operations managers. Decisions need to be made in: designing the operations system managing the operations system improving the operations system. The five main kinds of decision in each of these relate to: the processes by which goods and services are produced the quality of goods or services the quantity of goods or services (the capacity of operations) the stock of materials (inventory) needed to produce goods or services the management of human resources. Operational strategy The operational side of marketing refers to the day by day tactics of how to manage things like advertising, pricing, and so on. It is just the same with operations. Operations strategy looks at the long-term issues of how to manage the resources which produce products and services. The more operational subject of operations management looks at the more detailed and shop floor issues of designing, planning and controlling, and improving the resources which produce products and services. Operations strategy is concerned with the specific decisions which shape and develop the long-term direction of the operation. Think of content as the building blocks of an operations strategy. The process of operations strategy refers to the procedures which are used to formulate operations strategies. It is the way we go about the activity of devising strategy. Think of operations strategy content as what the LOreal is deciding to do and process as how the LOreal has made that decision. The market requirements perspective starts from the commonsense notion that any operations strategy should reflect what the LOreal is trying to do in its markets. Companies compete in different ways, some may compete primarily on cost, others on the excellence of their products or services, others on high levels of customer service, others on customising their products and services to individual customer needs, and so on. The operations function therefore must respond to this by providing the capabilities which allow it perform in an appropriate manner to satisfy the requirements of its market. In some ways this is a translation task because the techniques and language used by marketing managers to understand the requirements of markets are different to the language and techniques used by operations managers to manage their productive resources. LOreals goals and objectives LOreal USA is the leading beauty company in America, which develops and manufactures haircare, haircolor, skincare, color cosmetics and fragrances. Our distribution network of salons, mass market, specialty and department stores makes us the most comprehensive beauty company in the U.S. We offer exciting positions, flexible development paths and outstanding rewards that will give your career a whole new look. The LOreal Sales Education Coordinator (LSEC) is an employee of Salon Centric, a wholly owned subsidiary distributor of LOreal USA. Salon Centric is a leading and rapidly growing national wholesale distributor of professional products to the salon and beauty industry. This position will be responsible for the development, management and execution of all education strategy and efforts within the assigned territory for the LOreal brands. Responsibilties: Coordinate and participate in monthly sales meetings. Coordinate and facilitate regional quarterly trainings and certifications. Development, presentation and management of Elite salons education plans. Facilitate trainings for new sales consultants and participate in training boot camp. Must work in alliance with the respective Prestige Account Manager in the achievement of the regions goals and objectives. Teach a minimum of 12 classes per month, facilitate hands on workshops and coordinate cluster classes. Presentation of LOreal world tour, academy programs and strictly business programs. Shadow and mentoring of new LOreal Sales Education Coordinators and LOreal Artistic Educators. Open new color conversions and retail doors for Serie Expert, Texture Expert, Homme product lines Responsible for the delivery of strategic education classes, events and programs. Coordinate communication flow between key partners including LOreal Professionnel, SalonCentric and the customer. Provide support for salon specific events promotions. Conclusion In a nutshell, LOreal is one of the leading cosmetics companies in the world. They are very innovative and invest a lot of money in research and development. Products are positioned in high-priced segment because of their quality. They offer well coordinated products for different target groups. To keep their strength alive they have to observe their competitors. It is a very flexible development paths and outstanding rewards that will give your career a whole new look. LOreal will benefit from the end of destocking, easier comparison base and increased innovation.For next year, a return to 4% growth would require to keep a high single digit growth momentum in the Rest of the World and to return to low single digit growth in developed market, which we feel is a realistic assumption. However, most of it will be offset by a negative forex impact based on current rates.

The Image of Christopher Columbus Essay -- American America History US

The Image of Christopher Columbus Christopher Columbus is honored as the man who opened the doors to an Age of Discovery and exploration. Although he may not have been the first European to set foot onto the Americas, he did begin a wave of exploration in a new hemisphere. The time period of the age of discovery follows the end of the Middle Ages, which Columbus himself is a product. If it were not Columbus that brought European settlement to the New World, then it would have been some other explorer who probably started out with the same goals and ideas. However, there are many individuals who would disagree with the above statement. They would say that Columbus destroyed all that was beautiful in the New World with his thirst for greed and fame, that he raped the lands and the women, and disrupted a civilization that lived for hundreds of years. The question then becomes â€Å"Who is Christopher Columbus?† Is he really the man that some Americans describe as a hero, whose â€Å"journey was the first step in a long process that eventually produced the United States of America† (Royal 1) and to the â€Å"North American Revolutionaries, he was the Founding Fathers’ father† (Gates 29). Or is Columbus’ character flawed as other Americans might suggest. Some describe him as a ruthless slave trader who raped the virgin islands of the Caribbean and started the slave trade between the Old and New Worlds. So which image is right? That question is one that has been debated for years and will continue to be for years to come. It is one in which an individual alone can answer because it not only deals with historical facts but also ethics. This paper will present two opposing sides with enough facts concerning the controversy of the myth of Col... ...n, John. â€Å"Columbus: For Gold, God, and Glory.† 12/91, vol. 6 no. 12: 357-321. Gates, David. â€Å"Who was Columbus?† Newsweek Magazine. Fall/Winter 1991: 29-31. McNeil, William H. â€Å"How Columbus Remade the World.† NEH Humanities. Vol. 1 no.6: Dec 1985. (CIRS McNeil1.ART) Royal, Robert. â€Å"Columbus on Trial: 1492 v 1992† (CIRS Royal02.ART) Sale, Kirkpatrick. Conquest of Paradise. A Plume Book. New York, NY 1990. Sanoff, Alvin P. â€Å"The Myths of Columbus.† U.S. News and World Report. 8 Oct. 1990. (CIRS Sanoff01.ART) Schroeder, Richard C. â€Å"Should We Scuttle the Admiral of the Ocean Sea?† The Times of the Americas. 29 May 1991: 20+. (CIRS Schroed1.ART) Sokolov, Raymond. â€Å"Stop Knocking Columbus.† Newsweek Magazine. Vol. 1 no. 6, Dec. 1985. (CIRS Sokolov2.ART) Todorov, Tzvetan. The Conquest of America. Harper Perennial Publishers. New York, NY 1982.

Professional Athletes’ Salaries

In today's society, the American people can't get enough of their favorite teams and athletes. Entire cities are infatuated with these teams and as a result, people spend much of their time and money watching and rooting, hoping for a victory. There is nothing wrong with enjoying and marveling at the talent of these professional athletes, but what happens with all these resources that go into the sports? They go straight to the players. Although our society idolizes and cheers on our favorite athletes, they are significantly overpaid. The amount of money some of the best athletes make in a year is astonishing.Professional baseball player, Alex Rodriguez, will have made 33 million dollars this year, just based on his salary, not including endorsements (Freedman). Tiger Woods made almost 23 million dollars in his winnings from various golf tournaments in 2009, and add on another 105 million from his endorsements and you get the highest paid athlete in the world (Freeman). Endorsements are another subject entirely, but it makes you understand how important it is for companies to have their logo on someone's hat, or have a big star in their commercial.Keep in mind not all athletes are paid in millions, we are talking about some of the best in the most popular sports. That being said, the average MLB player's contract will be around three million dollars, and the minimum being 400 thousand dollars (MLBPA). This means a player sitting on the bench the entire season will make nearly ten times what the average teacher will make. The reason all of these players get paid so much is because all professional sports leagues are essentially a business. And with all these countless numbers of sport fans (myself included), business is booming.It is important to understand how the business works when you need to fix a problem. The Managers and Owners want their team to do well to bring in the fans, which in turn brings in the money. If a team is doing well they will make expone ntially more money because of the sellout crowds and the jersey's flying off the shelves. The best way to improve your team is to get the best players, and that is done by paying for them. When a player is a free agent (does not have a contract to a specific team), teams will essentially bid and negotiate, and in most cases the highest paying team will get that player.This is why teams like the Yankees have so many of the best players, because of their humungous fan base, they have a seemingly unlimited amount of cash to bring in the best players. So all this money is coming in from tickets and clothing and other sources of income and it has to go somewhere, right? Many people think athletes are rightfully paid all the money they have earned. Some argue that football players have short careers and many health problems after they are retired, so they will then need money for their injuries.With the average NFL player making 310 Thousand dollars in a year (NFL Player†¦ ), and the y play 10 years for example, they should be okay financially. Some young athletes will receive their first big check and go blow it all immediately. This is why some players are broke years after their career, and try to use it to justify their pay check, and make it seem as if they aren't paid that much at all. In reality it is their poor money managing skills; they still make a ridiculously larger amount of money in their career than any normal person will make in their lifetime.Another argument is that not all athletes are paid so highly. This is true, a professional volleyball player, or even a minor league baseball player, will probably not make as much as a A-Rod or Tiger, but they are making a living by having fun playing a sport. What more could you ask for? When you take a look at an athlete's salary and compare it to a teacher, fireman, or even a doctor, it doesn't even come close. There are so many other occupations that are paid much less than a pro athlete, but contribu te much more to our community.Teachers are having to have more and more students in their classes and many of them are having to find a new career because of the pay. A good teacher can change the lives of some students and provide so much knowledge, but it is hard to aspire to be a teacher rather than an athlete when you compare the two's salary. Think of all the money we could put into education, health, the environment, just to name a few. Just being able to live by playing a sport is something players shouldn't take for granted.It is the very fans of the sports who are responsible for such high salaries (Callahan). The main way to lower professional athletes' salaries would be for people to stop paying so much for tickets, jerseys, and sports packages on television. Frankly, that will not be happening anytime soon with the current way we worship these people. What needs to happen is the big professional sports leagues (NBA, MLB, NFL, NHL), need to recognize what is going on. The y need to see how our economy is hurt and how our society needs the financial support.Ticket prices need to be slashed. Jersey prices need to be slashed. The best athletes can still be rewarded and paid a few hundred thousand, not millions and millions. They can still make great money from endorsements. And those extra funds need to be given back to the cities that have given so much to the sports franchises. The people need them to rebuild our educational and health systems, and our overall economy. Players can still have a great standard of living, but it is just wasted money if they are sitting among America's richest.Many of these arguments can also be said for corporate CEO's and that needs to change. These people are at the top of the food chain while everyone below them is hurting. The sports leagues are blinded by greed and stardom; not only is it the athletes being paid so much, but the team owners as well. It is okay to look at these pro's as a personal hero, but we need t o step back and cut down on how much we idolize them if we want to see improvement. In the end, it is all a business and it is their job to step up and make a change to better our society.

Profile of Elizabeth How, Persecuted Salem Witch

Profile of Elizabeth How, Persecuted Salem Witch Elizabeth How Facts Known for:  accused witch, executed in the 1692  Salem witch trialsAge at time of Salem witch trials:  about 57Dates:  about 1635 – July 19, 1692Also known as:  Elizabeth Howe, Goody Howe Family, Background: Born in Yorkshire, England, about 1635 Mother: Joane Jackson Father: William Jackson Husband: James How or Howe Jr. (March 23, 1633 – February 15, 1702), married April 1658. He had become blind at the time of the trials. Family connections: Elizabeth’s husband James How Jr. was connected to a number of other Salem witch trial victims. James was the brother of John How. John How was married to Sarah Towne (How), whose father, Edmund Towne, was the brother of Rebecca Towne Nurse, Mary Towne Easty and Sarah Towne Cloyce, all accused of witchcraft as well.Also, James and John How’s mother was Elizabeth Dane How, a sister of the Rev. Francis Dane.  Dane was the father of Abigail Dane Faulkner and Elizabeth Johnson Sr., father-in-law of Deliverance Dane, and a grandfather of several others arrested. Lived in: Ipswitch sometimes noted as Topswitch Elizabeth How and the Salem Witch Trials Elizabeth How was accused by the Perley family of Ipswitch. The parents of the family testified that their 10-year-old daughter was afflicted by How over the course of two to three years. Doctors had diagnosed that the daughter’s affliction was caused by â€Å"an evil hand.† Spectral evidence was offered by Mercy Lewis, Mary Walcott, Ann Putnam Jr., Abigail Williams, and Mary Warren. On May 28, 1692, an arrest warrant was issued for How, charging her with acts of witchcraft against Mary Walcott, Abigail Williams, and others.  She was arrested the next day and taken to the home of Nathaniel Ingersoll for examination. A formal indictment was prepared on May 29, mentioning that Mercy Lewis had been tortured and afflicted by an act of witchcraft by Elizabeth How. Witnesses included Mercy Lewis, Mary Walcott, Abigail Williams, and members of the Perley family. While she was in jail, she was visited by her husband and daughters. On May 31, Elizabeth How was again examined. She replied to the charges: â€Å"If it was the last moment I was to live, God knows I am innocent of anything of this nature.† Mercy Lewis and Mary Walcott fell into fits.  Walcott said that Elizabeth How had punched and choked her that month.  Ann Putnam testified that How had hurt her three times; Lewis also accused How of hurting her.  Abigail Williams said that How had hurt her many times and had brought â€Å"the book† (the Devil’s book, to sign). Ann Putnam and Mary Warren said they’d been pricked by a pin by How’s spectre. And John Indian fell into a fit, accusing her of biting him. A May 31 indictment cited witchcraft practiced against Mary Walcott.  Elizabeth How, John Alden,  Martha Carrier, Wilmott Redd, and Philip English were  examined  by Bartholomew Gedney, Jonathan Corwin, and John Hathorne Timothy and Deborah Perley, who leveled the initial claims, on June 1 also accused Elizabeth How of afflicting their cow with sickness, causing it to drown itself when they stood against her joining the Ipswich church.  Deborah Perley repeated the charges about afflicting their daughter Hannah. On June 2, Sarah Andrews, sister of Hannah Perley, testified to hearing her afflicted sister blame Elizabeth How for threatening and hurting her, even though their father had questioned the truth of the claim. On June 3, the Rev. Samuel Phillips testified in her defense. He said he had been at the Samuel Perley home when the child was having fits, and though the parents said â€Å"good wife How the wife of James How Junior of Ipswich† was a witch, the child did not say so, even when asked to do so. Edward Payson testified that he had witnessed the Perley daughter’s affliction, and the parents’ questioning her as to How’s involvement, and that the daughter had said: â€Å"no never.† On June 24, a neighbor of 24 years, Deborah Hadley, testified on Elizabeth’s behalf that she had been conscientious in her dealings and â€Å"Christian-like in her conversation.† On June 25, neighbors Simon and Mary Chapman testified that How was a godly woman. On June 27, Mary Cummings testified about a run-in her son Isaac had had with Elizabeth, involving a mare. Her husband Isaac also testified to these charges. On June 28, the son, Isaac Cummings, also testified.  That same day, Elizabeth’s father-in-law, James How Sr., who was about 94 at the time, testified for Elizabeth as a character witness, noting how loving, obedient and kind she was and how she had cared for her husband who had become blind. Joseph and Mary Knowlton testified for Elizabeth How, noting that ten years before they had heard stories of Elizabeth How afflicting the daughter of Samuel Perley.  They had asked Elizabeth about these and Elizabeth had been forgiving of their reports. They noted that she was an honest and good person. Trial: June 29-30, 1692 June 29-30:  Sarah Good, Elizabeth How, Susannah Martin, and Sarah Wildes were tried for witchcraft. On the first day of the trial, Mary Cummings testified that another neighbor had become ill after a sharp exchange with James How Jr. and his wife. On June 30, Francis Lane testified against How, noting the conflict with Samuel Perley. Nehemiah Abbott (married to Elizabeths sister-in-law, Mary Howe Abbott) also testified that when Elizabeth was angry she wished someone would choke, and that person did shortly after; that How’s daughter had attempted to borrow a horse but when he refused, the horse later was injured, and that a cow had also been injured. Her brother-in-law John How testified that Elizabeth had afflicted a sow when Elizabeth was angry with him for asking whether she had afflicted the Perley child. Joseph Safford testified about a church meeting held in the wake of the accusations earlier regarding the Perley child; he said that his wife had attended the meeting and was afterward in a â€Å"raving frenzy† first defending Goody How and then in a trance. Sarah Good, Elizabeth How, Susannah Martin, and Sarah Wildes were all found guilty and condemned to hanging.  Rebecca Nurse was first found not guilty, but when the accusers and spectators loudly protested, the court asked the jury to reconsider the verdict and condemned Nurse to hang as well. On July 1, Thomas Andrews added some charges regarding a sick horse he believed was the one that the Hows wanted to borrow from the Cummings. Elizabeth How was hanged on July 19, 1692, along with Sarah Good, Susannah Martin,  Rebecca Nurse, and Sarah Wilde. Elizabeth How After the Trials The following March, residents of Andover, Salem Village, and Topsfield petitioned on behalf of Elizabeth How,  Rebecca Nurse,  Mary Easty,  Abigail Faulkner, Mary Parker, John Proctor,  Elizabeth Proctor, and Samuel and Sarah Wardwell – all but Abigail Faulkner, Elizabeth Proctor, and Sarah Wardwell had been executed – asking the court to exonerate them for the sake of their relatives and descendants.   In 1709, How’s daughter joined the petition of Phillip English and others to get the victims’ names cleared and to get financial compensation.  In 1711, they finally won the case, and Elizabeth How’s name was mentioned among those who had been unfairly convicted and some executed, and whose convictions were reversed and nullified.